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1 this is particularly significant for high-order approximations
Математика: это особенно важно для (...)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > this is particularly significant for high-order approximations
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2 this is particularly true for
Математика: это особенно относится кУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > this is particularly true for
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3 this is particularly important ...
• это особенно важно...English-Russian dictionary of phrases and cliches for a specialist researcher > this is particularly important ...
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4 this is particularly true of ...
• это особенно верно в отношении...English-Russian dictionary of phrases and cliches for a specialist researcher > this is particularly true of ...
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5 this was particularly surprising ...
• особенно удивительным было то, что...English-Russian dictionary of phrases and cliches for a specialist researcher > this was particularly surprising ...
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6 I have found this method particularly valuable when working with ...
• я нахожу этот метод особенно ценным при работе...English-Russian dictionary of phrases and cliches for a specialist researcher > I have found this method particularly valuable when working with ...
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7 This question is particularly pointed in Europe
Общая лексика: этот вопрос особенно остро стоит в ЕвропеУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > This question is particularly pointed in Europe
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8 this is not particularly surprising
Математика: это не так уж удивительно (...)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > this is not particularly surprising
-
9 this strategy is particularly useful for the needs of ...
• эта стратегия особенно полезна для нужд...English-Russian dictionary of phrases and cliches for a specialist researcher > this strategy is particularly useful for the needs of ...
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10 Flavian II of Antioch (Patriarch of Antioch probably from 498 to 512. In deference to orthodoxy he would not expressly repudiate the Council of Chalcedon. This equivocal policy only antagonized both sides, particularly the Monophysites)
Общая лексика: Флавиан II АУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Flavian II of Antioch (Patriarch of Antioch probably from 498 to 512. In deference to orthodoxy he would not expressly repudiate the Council of Chalcedon. This equivocal policy only antagonized both sides, particularly the Monophysites)
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11 in this list two names stand out particularly
Общая лексика: в этом списке обращают на себя особое внимание две фамилииУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > in this list two names stand out particularly
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12 settle smb.'s hash
(settle smb.'s hash (for him; тж. settle the hash))разделаться с кем-л.; свести с кем-л. счёты, проучить кого-л.; погубить кого-л. [первонач. амер.]It's very probable, sir, that you won't be wanted upstairs for several minutes, sir, because my master is at this moment particularly engaged in settling the hash of your master, sir... (Ch. Dickens, ‘Pickwick Papers’, ch. XXV) — Очень возможно, сэр, что наверху вы не понадобитесь в течение нескольких минут, сэр, потому что мой хозяин в настоящее время чрезвычайно занят - сводит счеты с вашим хозяином, сэр...
At the moment I'm sitting on your doorstep, and I wouldn't think of leaving. Furthermore, if I left now, one of your cronies would settle my hash before I'd gone a mile. (J. Aldridge, ‘Heroes of the Empty View’, part I, ch. 9) — В данный момент я, так сказать, сижу у вашего порога и вовсе не собираюсь его покидать. К тому же, если я отсюда уйду, кто-нибудь из ваших парней прирежет меня в первые же полчаса.
Wanscome was the Ministry spokesman who replied to all these stories, and he denied that there was any security restraint on Rupert, or that he had been fired for security reasons... Wanscome later rang Rupert and said, ‘That settled their hash,’ and again offered him several new jobs because after all he was an experienced practical man. (J. Aldridge, ‘A Captive in the Land’, ch. XX) — На всю эту газетную стряпню от имени министерства ответил Уонском. Он опроверг сообщение о том, что Руперт лишен допуска к секретным материалам и что его уволили по причине неблагонадежности... Позднее Уонском сообщил Руперту, что ему, кажется, удалось разделаться с их стряпней. И снова предложил ему несколько должностей на выбор - ведь Руперт был все же опытным практиком.
I have an idea... that that will settle Gilford Farrell's hash as far as any attempt to take over is concerned. (E. S. Gardner, ‘The Case of the Daring Decoy’, ch. 16) — я полагаю, это положит конец попыткам Гиффорда стать председателем правления.
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13 connection
- штуцер
- соединение
- сбойка
- присоединение проводников
- обвязка (трубопроводами)
- наращивание (бурильной колонны)
- логическое соединение
- контактное соединение
- вывод
- включение
вывод
Проводящая часть аппарата, предназначенная для электрического соединения с внешними цепями.
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60947-1-99)]
вывод
Часть выключателя с контактами, служащими для присоединения к выключателю проводников внешней цепи
[ ГОСТ Р 52565-2006]
вывод электротехнического изделия (устройства)
Ндп. клемма
Часть электротехнического изделия (устройства), предназначенная для электрического соединения его с другими изделиями (устройствами).
[ ГОСТ 18311-80]
вывод (трансформатора)
Токоведущая часть, предназначенная для присоединения обмотки к внешним проводникам
[ ГОСТ 30830-2002]
вывод
Точка электрической цепи, предназначенная для выполнения соединений с другой электрической цепью.
[ ГОСТ Р 52002-2003]
вывод
-
[IEV number 151-12-12]EN
terminal
component provided for the connection of a device to external conductors.
[IEC 62271-100, ed. 2.0 (2008-04)]
terminal
the conductive part of one pole, composed of one or more clamping unit(s) and insulation if necessary
[IEC 60669-1, ed. 3.0 (1998-02)]
terminal
conductive part of a device, electric circuit or electric network, provided for connecting that device, electric circuit or electric network to one or more external conductors
NOTE – The term "terminal" is also used for a connection point in circuit theory.
Source: see IEC 60050-131
[IEV number 151-12-12]FR
borne
composant destiné à raccorder un disjoncteur à des conducteurs extérieurs.
[IEC 62271-100, ed. 2.0 (2008-04)]
borne
partie unipolaire conductrice composée d'un ou plusieurs organes de serrage, isolée si nécessaire
[IEC 60669-1, ed. 3.0 (1998-02)]
borne, f
partie conductrice d'un dispositif, d'un circuit électrique ou d'un réseau électrique, destinée à le connecter à un ou plusieurs conducteurs extérieurs
NOTE – Le terme "borne" désigne aussi un point de connexion en théorie des circuits.
Source: voir la CEI 60050-131
[IEV number 151-12-12]Недопустимые, нерекомендуемые
Тематики
- вывод, зажим электрический
Классификация
>>>Синонимы
EN
DE
FR
контактное соединение
Контакт электрической цепи, предназначенный только для проведения электрического тока и не предназначенный для коммутации электрической цепи при заданном действии устройства
[ ГОСТ 14312-79]
контактное соединение
Токоведущее соединение (болтовое, сварное, выполненное методом обжатия), обеспечивающее непрерывность токовой цепи.
[РД 34.45-51.300-97]EN
-
FR
-
Параллельные тексты EN-RU
Make sure that electrical connection of all equipments are intact.
This is particularly important since vibration in transportation sometimes may have resulted in loose connections.
[Schneider Electric]Убедитесь в том, что электрические подключения не повреждены.
Эта проверка должна выполняться очень тщательно, так как некоторые контактные соединения могли ослабнуть из-за воздействия возникающей при транспортировке вибрации.
[Перевод Интент]
Тематики
- соединение контактное
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
логическое соединение
соединение
Взаимосвязь, обеспечиваемая некоторым уровнем, между двумя или более логическими объектами смежного верхнего уровня с целью обмена данными.
Примечание
Соединение получает наименование того уровня, который его обеспечивает (например, соединение физического уровня, соединение сетевого уровня).
[ ГОСТ 24402-88]Тематики
Синонимы
EN
наращивание (бурильной колонны)
сочленение
наращивание инструмента
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]Тематики
Синонимы
EN
обвязка (трубопроводами)
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]Тематики
EN
сбойка
Соединение двух подземных горных выработок при проходке их встречными или догоняющими забоями
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
штуцер
Элемент, предназначенный для присоединения к сосуду трубопроводов, трубопроводной арматуры, контрольно-измерительных приборов и т.п.
[ПБ 03-576-03]
штуцер
Деталь, предназначенная для присоединения к трубопроводу арматуры, контрольно-измерительных приборов и т.п.
[ПБ 03-108-96]
штуцер
Деталь, используемая для того, чтобы соединять два трубопровода по длине или для того, чтобы присоединять к шлангу другое оборудование.
[РД 01.120.00-КТН-228-06]Тематики
- сосуды, в т. ч., работающие под давлением
- трубопроводы и их компоненты
EN
2.5 соединение (connection): Сборка или сочленение.
3.36 соединение (connection): Резьбовое соединение трубных компонентов.
Источник: ГОСТ Р 53366-2009: Трубы стальные, применяемые в качестве обсадных или насосно-компрессорных труб для скважин в нефтяной и газовой промышленности. Общие технические условия оригинал документа
2.9 соединение (connection): Набор физических компонентов, обеспечивающих связь между точкой доставки (2.26) и местной водопроводной магистралью или точкой сбора (2.25) и канализацией.
Примечание 1 - Для систем питьевого водоснабжения (2.12) в настоящее время используется термин «ответвление трубопровода», но соединение может включать компоненты, отличные от ответвлений, например клапаны, счетчики и пр.
Примечание 2 - В англоговорящих странах для систем удаления сточных вод (2.52) также может использоваться термин «дренажная система»; соединение может также оснащаться дополнительным оборудованием.
Источник: ГОСТ Р ИСО 24511-2009: Деятельность, связанная с услугами питьевого водоснабжения и удаления сточных вод. Руководящие указания для менеджмента коммунальных предприятий и оценке услуг удаления сточных вод оригинал документа
2.9 соединение (connection): Набор физических компонентов, обеспечивающих связь между точкой доставки (2.26) и местной водопроводной магистралью плиточкой сбора (2.25) и канализацией.
Примечание 1 - Для систем питьевого водоснабжения (2.12) в настоящее время используется термин «ответвление трубопровода», но соединение может включать компоненты, отличные от ответвлений, например клапаны, счетчики и пр.
Примечание 2 - В англоговорящих странах для систем удаления сточных вод (2.52) также может использоваться термин «дренажная система»; соединение может также оснащаться дополнительным оборудованием.
Источник: ГОСТ Р ИСО 24512-2009: Деятельность, связанная с услугами питьевого водоснабжения и удаления сточных вод. Руководящие указания для менеджмента систем питьевого водоснабжения и оценке услуг питьевого водоснабжения оригинал документа
Соединение
Connection
Взаимосвязь, обеспечиваемая некоторым уровнем, между двумя или более логическими объектами смежного верхнего уровня с целью обмена данными.
Источник: ГОСТ 24402-88: Телеобработка данных и вычислительные сети. Термины и определения оригинал документа
3.1 соединение (connection): Соединительное устройство или стык.
Источник: ГОСТ Р ИСО 17491-3-2009: Система стандартов безопасности труда. Одежда специальная для защиты от химических веществ. Часть 3. Метод определения устойчивости к прониканию струи жидкости (струйный метод) оригинал документа
2.9 соединение (connection): Набор физических компонентов, обеспечивающих связь между точкой доставки (2.26) и местной водопроводной магистралью или точкой сбора (2.25) и канализацией.
Примечание 1 - Для систем питьевого водоснабжения (2.12) в настоящее время используется термин «ответвление трубопровода», но соединение может включать компоненты, отличные от ответвлений, например клапаны, счетчики и пр.
Примечание 2 - В англоговорящих странах для систем удаления сточных вод (2.52) также может использоваться термин «дренажная система»; соединение может также оснащаться дополнительным оборудованием.
Источник: ГОСТ Р ИСО 24510-2009: Деятельность, связанная с услугами питьевого водоснабжения и удаления сточных вод. Руководящие указания по оценке и улучшению услуги, оказываемой потребителям оригинал документа
3.1 соединение (connection): Соединительное устройство или стык.
3.4 соединение (connection): Временное соединение каналов передачи или телекоммуникационных цепей, коммутирующих или других функциональных устройств, предназначенных для обеспечения передачи информации между двумя или большим числом точек в сети связи.
Источник: ГОСТ Р 55266-2012: Совместимость технических средств электромагнитная. Оборудование сетей связи. Требования и методы испытаний оригинал документа
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > connection
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14 junction contact
контактное соединение
Контакт электрической цепи, предназначенный только для проведения электрического тока и не предназначенный для коммутации электрической цепи при заданном действии устройства
[ ГОСТ 14312-79]
контактное соединение
Токоведущее соединение (болтовое, сварное, выполненное методом обжатия), обеспечивающее непрерывность токовой цепи.
[РД 34.45-51.300-97]EN
-
FR
-
Параллельные тексты EN-RU
Make sure that electrical connection of all equipments are intact.
This is particularly important since vibration in transportation sometimes may have resulted in loose connections.
[Schneider Electric]Убедитесь в том, что электрические подключения не повреждены.
Эта проверка должна выполняться очень тщательно, так как некоторые контактные соединения могли ослабнуть из-за воздействия возникающей при транспортировке вибрации.
[Перевод Интент]
Тематики
- соединение контактное
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > junction contact
-
15 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
16 wish
1. I1) let's wish! давайте задумаем /загадаем/ желание!; it is no good wishing бессмысленно просто мечтать; doing is better than wishing лучше действовать, чем [просто] мечтать;2) if /as/ you wish как хотите, как вам угодно; I will do what you wish я сделаю так, как вы хотите /желаете/; you may have whichever you wish возьмите тот [кусок и т.п.] или ту [книгу и т.п.], который или которая вам нравится2. IIIwish smth. wish peace (help, money, an interview, etc.) хотеть мира и т.д., стремиться к миру и т.д.; what do you wish? что вы хотите?, что вам угодно?3. IVwish smth. in хате manner wish smth. desperately (earnestly, heartily, ardently, passionately, vainly, personally, vaguely, particularly, shamelessly, immediately, etc.) отчаянно и т.д. желать чего-л.; wish smb. somewhere wish smb. away (here, there, miles away, anywhere but where one is, etc.) желать, чтобы кого-л. здесь не было и т.д.4. Vwish smb. smth. wish him success (smb. a happy life, her every happiness, you a pleasant journey, all men health, him every joy, us a good passage, etc.) пожелать ему успеха и т.д.; I don't wish you any harm я не желаю вам зла; wish smb. goodbye попрощаться с кем-л.; wish smb. good night пожелать кому-л. спокойной /доброй/ ночи;smb. good morning пожелать кому-л. доброго утра, сказать кому-л. "с добрым утром"; wish smb. a happy New Year (a merry Christmas) поздравить кого-л. с Новым годом (с рождеством); I wish you many happy returns of the day поздравляю вас с днем рождения и желаю долгих лет жизни5. VIwish smb., smth. in some state wish oneself dead хотеть умереть, желать себе смерти; wish smb., smth. well (ill) желать кому-л., чему-л. добра (зла); he never ceases to wish me well он всегда доброжелательно относится ко мне: I could not wish it better лучшего и желать нельзя6. VIIwish smb. to do smth. wish him to come (you to finish the work by twelve o'clock, him to lend you his camera, him to give up fencing, you to come back early, her to be polite with everybody, etc.) хотеть /желать/, чтобы он пришел и т.д.; father wishes me to take drawing lessons отец хочет, чтобы я учился рисовать /брал уроки рисования/; I don't wish you to cultivate this man's acquaintance мне не хотелось бы, чтобы вы поддерживали знакомство с этим человеком; do you really wish me to go? вам действительно хочется, чтобы я ушел?7. IXwish smth. done wish it finished (the problem settled, the experiment concluded, etc.) хотеть, чтобы это было закончено и т.д.; I don't wish anything said about it мне бы не хотелось, чтобы об этом говорили8. XIIIwish to do smth. wish to say smth. (to add smth., to make a few remarks, to see you, to buy it, to rent a room, to stay, to go, to travel, etc.) хотеть /иметь желание/ сказать что-л. и т.д.; I don't wish to meet this man again у меня нет желания снова встретиться с этим человеком; he wished to be alone ему хотелось остаться /побыть/ одному; he wished to be thought learned ему хотелось, чтобы о нем думали-как об образованном человеке; much as I wish to go there... как бы мне ни хотелось пойти туда...; she wishes to see the house она желает осмотреть дом9. XVIwish for smth. wish for peace (for happiness, for a great success, for more appreciation, for assistance, for better times, for a day's leisure, for smth. better, etc.) желать мира и т.д., мечтать о мире и т.д.; she wished for a new house она мечтала о новом доме; wish for more than one has желать больше, чем имеешь; what do you wish for most? чего бы вам больше всего хотелось?; what more can you wish for? что еще вам нужно?, чего еще вам не хватает?; I would not wish for anything better ни о чем лучшем я и мечтать не могу; she has everything a woman can wish for у нее есть все, чего может желать женщина; the weather was everything they could wish for лучшей погоды и желать было нельзя, погода как на заказ; how I wish for an opportunity to go there! если бы только у меня была возможность туда поехать!; how he wished for a glass of cold water ему так хотелось выпить стакан холодной воды10. XXI11) wish smth. to (on) smb. wish success to him (happiness to all one's friends, good luck to the travellers, etc.) пожелать ему успеха и т.д.; I wouldn't wish that awful job on my worst enemy такую ужасную работу я своему злейшему врагу не пожелаю2) wish smth. on smb. let's wish this job on somebody else давайте свалим эту работу на кого-л. другого; who wished this on me? кто мне это навязал?; wish smb. in some place I wished myself on a desert island я хотел очутиться на необитаемом острове3) || wish smth. at an end мечтать об окончании чего-л.; wish the voyage at an end мечтать, чтобы путешествие окончилось11. XXVwish [that]1) usually followed by subjunctive; the connective that usually omitted I wish I were there (I were rich, the work were finished, it were already done, I were in your place, I had more energy, he were more attentive, etc.) как бы мне хотелось быть там и т.д., если бы мне быть там и т.д., ах, если бы я был там и т.д.; I wish I knew если б я только знал; I wish I were dead мне жить не хочется; she wished [that] it were morning ей хотелось, чтоб уже настало /наступило/ утро; I wish I had seen it (I had stayed at home, I had come earlier, I had spoken to him, etc.) как жаль, что я этого не видел и т.д.; I wish I hadn't left so early жаль, что я так рано ушел; I wish I had never seen her лучше бы мне ее никогда не видеть; I wish you may live to see it желаю вам дожить и увидеть это [своими глазами]; I wish I could stay a little longer мне бы хотелось здесь остаться подольше; I wish you wouldn't make so much noise не шумите, пожалуйста: нельзя ли потише?2) I wish you would be quiet (you would be more polite, etc.) нельзя ли не шуметь? и т.д.; I wish you would shut the door when you go out закройте /захлопните/, пожалуйста, дверь, когда выйдете -
17 very
1. a усил. настоящий, истинный, подлинный, сущий2. a усил. полный, абсолютный; в высшей степени3. a усил. тот самый; тот же; именно тотthe very man I saw — тот самый человек, которого я видел
the very thing for the purpose — это именно то, что нужно
4. a усил. самый; предельныйa very little more — ещё; совсем немного; чуть-чуть
5. a усил. сам по себе; простойthe very thought — уже одна мысль; сама мысль
6. a усил. самый; даже; хотя бы; вплоть доI call this a very good house — по-моему, это прекрасный дом
7. a усил. арх. истинный8. adv усил. очень, весьма9. adv усил. после отрицаний в незначительной степени; отнюдь нет; довольноnot so very small — не такой уж маленький, довольно большой
he acted very angry — он сделал вид, что страшно рассердился
10. adv усил. в сочетании с прилагательным или наречием в превосходной степени самыйat 5, at the very latest — самое позднее в пять часов
11. adv усил. именно, точно, как разСинонимический ряд:1. authentic (adj.) authentic; blown-in-the-bottle; bona fide; genuine; indubitable; pukka; questionless; real; right; simon-pure; sure-enough; true; undoubted; undubitable; unquestionable; veritable2. awfully (adj.) awfully; exceedingly; exceptionally; extremely3. bare (adj.) bare; mere4. exactly (adj.) exactly; precisely; specifically5. excessively (adj.) excessively; inordinately; unduly6. genuinely (adj.) genuinely; really; truly7. perfect (adj.) ideal; model; perfect8. same (adj.) exact; identical; precise; same; selfsame9. actually (other) actually; de facto; factually; genuinely; literally; really; truly; veritably10. awful (other) awful; considerably; enormously; especially; exceedingly; exceptionally; extra; extraordinarily; extremely; highly; immensely; jolly; mighty; particularly; quite; rather; remarkably; specially; too; tremendously11. awfully (other) awfully; damned; dreadfully; eminently; hugely; insatiably; mightily; mortally; most; much; notably; parlous; pesky; rattling; right; snapping; so; spanking; staving; strikingly; super; surpassingly; terribly12. greatly (other) badly; direly; greatly; intensely; seriously; severelyАнтонимический ряд:approximately; somewhat -
18 NPC
1) Общая лексика: Национальный Конгресс Пенсионеров (National Pensionr)2) Компьютерная техника: New Primary Copy3) Морской термин: Northern Pacific Corridor, Северо-Тихоокеанский коридор4) Американизм: National Panhellenic Conference, Not Particularly Careful5) Спорт: National Physique Committee, National Provincial Championship, National Provincial Competition, New Player Character, No Parental Consent, Non Player Controlled, Non Playing Character6) Военный термин: NATO Parliamentarians' Conference, NATO Pipeline Committee, NATO Political Committee, NATO Programming Center, Navy procurement circular, Normalized Projection Coordinates, Nuclear Planning Committee7) Техника: naval photographic center, noise protection circuit8) Юридический термин: Not Particularly Cooperative9) Астрономия: Nice Planetary Contrast10) Сокращение: NATO Programming Centre, National Peace Council, National People's Congress, National Petroleum Council, National Ports Council, Nuclear Power Company11) Физиология: No Previous Complaint12) Вычислительная техника: Network Parameter Control, nonprintable character, Non-Player Character (see, Role-playing), non-player character, non-printable character13) Нефть: Национальный совет по нефти (США; National Petroleum Council)14) Иммунология: National Prescriptions Collaborative15) Биохимия: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Tissue16) Онкология: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma18) Бурение: Национальный нефтяной совет (National Petroleum Council; США)19) Нефтегазовая техника Национальный совет нефтяной промышленности (США, National Petroleum Council), National Petrochemical Company (Национальная нефтехимическая компания, Иран)20) Программирование: Non Programable Character21) Автоматика: numerical positioning control22) Нефтеперерабатывающие заводы: National Petrochemical Company (Государственная компания Ирана, возглавляемая зам. министора нефтяной промышленности)23) НАТО: Комитет НАТО по трубопроводам24) Молекулярная биология: nuclear pore complex25) Компьютерные игры: ( non-player character) неигровой персонаж, торговать с NPC (например, I NPCed this item - "Я продал этот предмет неигровому персонажу")26) Общественная организация: Национальная Конвенция Пенсионеров (National Pensioners Convention (UK))27) Федеральное бюро расследований: Newspaper clippings -
19 individually
1. adv индивидуально; отдельно2. adv лично3. adv обособленно; в отдельности4. adv характерно, оригинальноСинонимический ряд:1. particularly (other) characteristically; especially; notably; particularly; specially2. separately (other) alone; apart; as individuals; exclusively; independently; one at a time; one by one; personally; separately; severally; singly -
20 really
1. adv действительно, в действительности; на самом деле; по-настоящемуwhat do you really think about it? — что вы на самом деле думаете об этом?; каково ваше настоящее мнение по этому поводу?
2. adv эмоц. -усил. очень, крайне, чрезвычайно3. adv право, по правде говоряreally, you must not say that — право, вам не следует так говорить
4. adv разг. разве?, вот как!, правда?, право !Синонимический ряд:1. especially (adj.) especially; exceptionally; extraordinarily; particularly; positively; remarkably; singularly; surprisingly; uncommonly2. actually (other) actually; certainly; de facto; factually; genuinely; in effect; in fact; in reality; indisputably; literally; positively; veritably3. truthfully (other) as a matter of fact; honestly; in all honesty; in truth; sincerely; truthfully; veraciously4. very (other) awful; awfully; considerably; de facto; enormously; especially; exceedingly; exceptionally; extra; extraordinarily; extremely; genuinely; highly; immensely; jolly; mighty; particularly; quite; rather; remarkably; specially; too; tremendously; veritably; very5. well (other) doubtlessly; easily; indeed; truly; undoubtedly; well
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